High-dose Vitamin C supplementation in the treatment of patients with COVID-19: A systematic review

Introduction: Vitamin C supplementation has been seen as a supportive treatment to control and prevent complications of COVID-19 by enhancing the immune response against infection. However, the effects of high doses of this vitamin are not yet fully understood. Objective: To analyze the effects of high-dose vitamin C in patients with COVID-19. Methods: This was a systematic review, using original studies published from April 2020 to November 2022 in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus and Web of Science databases. The combination of descriptors registered in Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) used to search for articles were: (("vitamin C" OR "ascorbic acid") AND ("COVID-19" OR "SARS-CoV-2" OR "coronavirus")). Original articles of clinical trials conducted with patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and submitted to high-dose vitamin C supplementation were included. Results: Eligible studies included patients in intensive care units, wards, or outpatient clinics, who were given doses of vitamin C, ranging from 6,000 to 8,000 mg/day, with an average duration of 6.25 days of supplementation and mostly intravenous administration. A reduction in fever and myalgia was observed, as well as an improvement in oxygen saturation and lung impairment rate. Conclusion: The role of high-dose vitamin C in patients affected by COVID-19 requires further study, however, to date, the results have been promising for symptom reduction and improvement in lung function and oxygenation.

Introducción: La administración de suplementos de vitamina C se ha considerado un tratamiento de apoyo para controlar y prevenir las complicaciones del COVID-19 al mejorar la respuesta inmunitaria contra la infección. Sin embargo, los efectos de dosis elevadas de esta vitamina aún no se conocen en su totalidad. Objetivo: Analizar los efectos de altas dosis de vitamina C en pacientes con COVID-19. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio de revisión sistemática, utilizando artículos originales publicados desde abril de 2020 hasta noviembre de 2022 en las bases de datos PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus y Web of Science. Para la búsqueda de los artículos se utilizó la combinación de descriptores registrados en Medical Subject Headings (MeSH): (("vitamin C" OR "ascorbic acid") AND ("COVID-19" OR "SARS-CoV-2" OR "coronavirus")). Se incluyeron artículos originales de tipo ensayo clínico realizados con pacientes diagnosticados con COVID-19 y sometidos a suplementación con altas dosis de vitamina C. Resultados: Los estudios elegibles se realizaron con pacientes ingresados en unidades de cuidados intensivos, salas o ambulatorios, a los que se administraron dosis de vitamina C que oscilaban entre 6.000 y 8.000 mg/día, con una duración media de 6,25 días de suplementación y vía de administración mayoritariamente intravenosa. Se observó una reducción de la fiebre y las mialgias, además de una mejoría de la saturación de oxígeno y de la tasa de compromiso pulmonar. Conclusión: El papel de las dosis altas de vitamina C en pacientes afectados por COVID-19 requiere más estudios; sin embargo, hasta la fecha, los resultados han sido prometedores en cuanto a la reducción de los sintomas, y la mejora de la función pulmonar y la oxigenación.

Consumption of ultra-processed products is associated with vitamin D deficiency in Brazilian adults and elderly.

Although studies show that the intake of ultra-processed products (UPP) has a negative impact on health, diet quality and dietary vitamin D, its influence on serum concentrations of this vitamin remains unknown; therefore, it is essential to verify the association between the UPP consumption and vitamin D deficiency. This is a cross-sectional, household, population-based study, carried out with 229 individuals aged 20 years or older, residents of the city of Teresina, Piauí, Brazil. Socio-demographic, lifestyle, food consumption and anthropometric data were collected. Food consumption was obtained using a 24-h food recall, and foods were grouped according to the NOVA classification. Plasma concentrations of calcidiol-25 (OH) D3 were determined by HPLC. Crude and adjusted binary logistic regression was applied to estimate the association between UPP consumption and vitamin D deficiency. Most individuals aged 20-39 years were vitamin D deficient (52·1 %). UPP contributed 19·9 % to the energetic intake of the participant's diet. This contribution was higher for individuals with vitamin D deficiency (22·5 %, P = 0·04). In addition, a high intake of UPP was associated with twice the risk of vitamin D deficiency in comparison with low consumption of UPP (OR: 2·05; CI 1·06, 4·50; P: 0·04). Our results suggest that the consumption of UPP may have a negative impact on serum concentrations of vitamin D; more studies are needed.

ADAPTATION OF A PRACTICAL DISCIPLINE DURING THE PANDEMIC OF COVID-19: AN EXPERIENCE REPORT / ADAPTACIÓN DE UNA DISCIPLINA PRÁCTICA DURANTE LA PANDEMIA DE COVID-19: UN INFORME DE EXPERIENCIA / ADAPTAÇÃO DE UMA DISCIPLINA PRÁTICA DURANTE A PANDEMIA DA COVID-19: UM RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA

The purpose of this article is to describe the activities and during the experience lived in the teaching internship the covid-19 pandemic. This is a descriptive study of the type of experience experienced in the teaching internship during the covid-19 crisis. The study was carried out during two academic semesters in the discipline of Nutritional Assessment in the Bachelor's Degree in Nutrition at a public university in Northeast Brazil. An adaptation of the face-to-face classes was made using tools (Google Meet, point online, Metimeter and Kahoot) and asynchronous (WhatsApp and SIGAA) tools, in addition to the Google Forms form for the evaluations. Despite the context, the teaching stage of the current pandemic teaching was carried out successfully and with an edifying learning of practice in Higher Education. The experience can share experiences and experiences with other trainee teachers, monitors and guiding teachers and the search for new methodologies and tools that help the teaching-learning process.

El objetivo de este artículo es describir las actividades desarrolladas y la experiencia vivida en la pasantía docente durante la pandemia del covid-19. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo del tipo relato de experiencia vivida en las prácticas docentes durante la crisis del covid-19. El estudio se llevó a cabo durante dos semestres académicos en la disciplina de Evaluación Nutricional en la Licenciatura en Nutrición de una universidad pública del Nordeste de Brasil. Se realizó una adaptación de las clases presenciales utilizando herramientas síncronas (Google Meet, Power point online, Metimeter y Kahoot) y asíncronas (WhatsApp y SIGAA), además del formulario Google Forms para las actividades de evaluación. A pesar del actual contexto de pandemia, la pasantía docente reportada en este artículo se llevó a cabo con éxito y con un edificante aprendizaje de la práctica docente en la Educación Superior. La experiencia permitió compartir conocimientos teóricos y experiencias con los estudiantes de grado y con otros docentes en formación, monitores y docentes tutores y la búsqueda de nuevas metodologías y herramientas que ayudaran al proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje.

O objetivo deste artigo é descrever as atividades desenvolvidas e a experiência vivenciada no estágio docente durante a pandemia da covid-19. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo do tipo relato de experiência vivenciado no estágio docente durante a crise da covid-19. O estudo foi realizado durante dois semestres letivos na disciplina de Avaliação Nutricional no curso de Bacharelado em Nutrição de uma universidade pública do Nordeste brasileiro. Foi feita uma adaptação das aulas presenciais com uso de ferramentas síncronas (Google Meet, Power point online, Metimeter e Kahoot) e assíncronas (WhatsApp e SIGAA), além do formulário do Google Forms para as atividades avaliativas. Apesar do contexto atual de pandemia, o estágio em docência relatado neste artigo foi realizado com êxito e com uma aprendizagem edificante da prática docente no Ensino Superior. A experiência possibilitou compartilhar conhecimentos teórico e experiências com os graduandos e com os demais estagiários docentes, monitores e professora orientadora e a busca de novas metodologias e ferramentas que auxiliassem o processo de ensino-aprendizagem.

Prevalence of prediabetes in adults and its association with sociodemographic, nutritional, metabolic and mental disorders factors: Home Health Survey, Piauí, Brazil / Prevalência de pré-diabetes em adultos e sua associação com fatores sociodemográficos, nutricionais, metabólicos e transtornos mentais: Inquérito de Saúde Domiciliar, Piauí, Brasil

ABSTRACT Objective To estimate prevalence of prediabetes and to investigate its associated factors in adults living in Teresina, Piauí, Brazil Methods Cross-sectional, home-based study, with both genders adults in Teresina, Piauí. The prevalence of prediabetes was estimated using the fasting glucose test, and was classified according to the American Diabetes Association standards (≥100mg/dL; <126mg/dL). The associations between prediabetes and the variables: sociodemographic, anthropometric, food consumption, blood pressure levels, triglycerides and common mental disorders were tested. In addition, a variable was created to verify the association of the simultaneous presence of risk factors in the same individual. Data were reviewed using Pearson's chi-square test and Poisson regression for crude and adjusted prevalence ratios, considering a significance level of 5%. Results A total of 224 adults participated in the study, of which 154 (68.7%) were female, aged between 20 and 39 years (53.1%). An 8.04% prevalence of prediabetes was observed. A statistically significant association (p<0.05) was found between lower education (0 to 8 years of study; 17.3%) and increased triglycerides levels (≥150mg/dL; 13.7%). Higher gross prevalence (PR: 2.53; CI 95%: 1.05-6.05) prediabetes ratios were observed with 5 or more simultaneous risk factors when compared to individuals who had up to 4 simultaneous risk factors. Conclusion Low schooling, hypertriglyceridemia and the presence of five or more simultaneous risk factors were associated with prediabetes; however, these risk factors are subject to intervention. Therefore, this study points to the need for changes in lifestyle habits as a strategy for glycemic control and diabetes prevention.

RESUMO Objetivo Estimar a prevalência de pré-diabetes e investigar os fatores associados em adultos residentes em Teresina, Piauí, Brasil. Métodos Estudo transversal de base domiciliar com adultos de ambos os sexos em Teresina, Piauí. A prevalência de pré-diabetes foi estimada pelo teste de glicemia em jejum, e classificado de acordo com a Associação Americana de Diabetes (≥100mg/dL; <126mg/dL). Foram testadas as associações entre pré-diabetes e as variáveis: sociodemográficas, antropométricas, consumo alimentar, níveis pressóricos, triglicerídeos e transtornos mentais comuns. Além disso, foi criada uma variável para verificar a associação da presença simultânea dos fatores de risco no mesmo indivíduo. Os dados foram analisados com o teste do qui-quadrado de Pearson e regressão de Poisson para razões de prevalência bruta e ajustada, considerando nível de significância de 5%. Resultados Participaram do estudo 224 adultos, sendo 154 (68,7%) do sexo feminino, entre 20 e 39 anos (53,1%). Verificou-se prevalência de pré-diabetes de 8,04%, com associação significativa (p<0,05) com a menor escolaridade (17,3%), e triglicerídeos elevados (13,7%). Observou-se maior razão de prevalência bruta (RP: 2,53; IC 95%: 1,05-6,05) de pré-diabetes nos indivíduos com 5 ou mais fatores de risco simultâneos quando comparados àqueles com até 4 fatores simultâneos. Conclusão A baixa escolaridade, a hipertrigliceridemia e a presença de cinco ou mais fatores de risco simultâneos apresentaram-se associados ao pré-diabetes. Entretanto, os fatores de risco encontrados são passíveis de intervenção. Este estudo aponta a necessidade de mudanças de hábitos de vida comportamentais como estratégia para o controle da glicemia e prevenção do diabetes.

Sampling plan and methodological aspects: a household healthcare survey in Piauí.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the methodological aspects of the Piauí home healthcare survey (ISAD-PI) and assess the relation between sampling plan, precision, and design effects, assuming that population health surveys are relevant instruments for health monitoring. METHODS: ISAD-PI was a population-based cross-sectional study that analyzed the living conditions and health status of the population residing in urban areas in the municipalities of Teresina and Picos, in Piauí. Sampling was carried out by conglomerates in two stages: Primary Sampling Units and households. To calculate the sample size, we considered the stratification of the population in both cities, according to the age of the individuals. We evaluated the "non-response" rate (NRR) and estimated the proportions according to sex and age, as well as the prevalence of social determinants of health in order to assess the compliance of the sampling plan. Analyses related to the precision according to the coefficient of proportion variation of the standard error (Cv-pˆ) and the design effect (deff). Cv-pˆ less than 20% and deff less than 1.5 were considered adequate. The total NRR of households was 38.2% in Teresina and 38.3% in Picos. We carried out twenty-four proportion estimates in relation to age and sex and 48 prevalence of social and health determinants estimates, totaling 72 estimates. Among them, 71 had Cv-pˆ less than 20% and 61 had deff less than or equal to 1.5. CONCLUSION: Data generated from the ISAD-PI may contribute to the assessment of health and morbidity conditions in the population. Furthermore, methodological aspects employed in this research may serve as a basis for studies carried out in other cities in Brazil.

Effects of vitamin D supplementation on the glycemic control of pre-diabetic individuals: a systematic review / Efectos de la suplementación con vitamina D sobre el control glucémico en pacientes prediabéticos: una revisión sistemática

INTRODUCTION: research shows the potential effect of vitamin D supplementation with an improvement in the glycemic profile of pre-diabetic patients. OBJECTIVE: this study evaluates the effects of vitamin D supplementation on glycemic control markers in pre-diabetic individuals. METHODS: we analyzed studies published over the last ten years, and indexed in the Science Direct, PubMed, and LILACS databases. We searched studies using health descriptors related to vitamin D, pre-diabetes, and glycemic control markers. We considered randomized controlled trials eligible for inclusion. All phases of selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were carried out by two independent evaluators. RESULTS: we identified 309 articles, of which 4 met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 3 studies have shown that vitamin D supplementation does not alter glycemic control markers in pre-diabetic individuals. Only one study showed a positive effect after supplementation with 60,000 IU/month of vitamin D3 for 12 months, with a significant reduction in the concentrations of glycated hemoglobin, fasting glucose, and two-hour postprandial glucose. CONCLUSION: there is insufficient scientific evidence to confirm the beneficial effects of vitamin D supplementation on glycemic control markers in pre-diabetic individuals

INTRODUCCIÓN: las investigaciones muestran el efecto potencial de la suplementación con vitamina D con una mejora del perfil glucémico de los pacientes prediabéticos. OBJETIVO: este estudio evalúa los efectos de la suplementación con vitamina D sobre los marcadores de control glucémico en personas prediabéticas. MÉTODOS: analizamos los estudios publicados en los últimos diez años e indexados en las bases de datos Science Direct, PubMed y LILACS. Se realizaron búsquedas de estudios mediante descriptores de salud relacionados con la vitamina D, la prediabetes y los marcadores de control glucémico. Los ensayos controlados y aleatorizados se consideraron elegibles para su inclusión. Todas las fases de selección, extracción de datos y evaluación del riesgo de sesgos fueron realizadas por dos evaluadores independientes. RESULTADOS: identificamos 309 artículos, de los que 4 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. De estos, 3 estudios demostraron que la suplementación con vitamina D no altera los marcadores de control glucémico en las personas prediabéticas. Solo un estudio mostró un efecto positivo después de la suplementación de 60.000 UI/mes de vitamina D3 durante 12 meses, con una reducción significativa de las concentraciones de hemoglobina glucosilada, glucosa en ayunas y glucosa posprandial a las dos horas. CONCLUSIÓN: no hay evidencia científica suficiente para confirmar los efectos beneficiosos de la suplementación de vitamina D sobre los marcadores de control glucémico en las personas prediabéticas

Sampling plan and methodological aspects: a household healthcare survey in Piauí / Plano de amostragem e aspectos metodológicos: inquérito de saúde domiciliar no Piauí

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To describe the methodological aspects of the Piauí home healthcare survey (ISAD-PI) and assess the relation between sampling plan, precision, and design effects, assuming that population health surveys are relevant instruments for health monitoring. METHODS ISAD-PI was a population-based cross-sectional study that analyzed the living conditions and health status of the population residing in urban areas in the municipalities of Teresina and Picos, in Piauí. Sampling was carried out by conglomerates in two stages: Primary Sampling Units and households. To calculate the sample size, we considered the stratification of the population in both cities, according to the age of the individuals. We evaluated the "non-response" rate (NRR) and estimated the proportions according to sex and age, as well as the prevalence of social determinants of health in order to assess the compliance of the sampling plan. Analyses related to the precision according to the coefficient of proportion variation of the standard error (Cv-pˆ) and the design effect (deff). Cv-pˆ less than 20% and deff less than 1.5 were considered adequate. The total NRR of households was 38.2% in Teresina and 38.3% in Picos. We carried out twenty-four proportion estimates in relation to age and sex and 48 prevalence of social and health determinants estimates, totaling 72 estimates. Among them, 71 had Cv-pˆ less than 20% and 61 had deff less than or equal to 1.5. CONCLUSION Data generated from the ISAD-PI may contribute to the assessment of health and morbidity conditions in the population. Furthermore, methodological aspects employed in this research may serve as a basis for studies carried out in other cities in Brazil.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Descrever os aspectos metodológicos do Inquérito de Saúde Domiciliar no Piauí (ISAD-PI), bem como avaliar a conformidade do plano amostral em relação à precisão e aos efeitos do desenho, dado que os inquéritos populacionais de saúde constituem instrumentos importantes para o monitoramento da situação de saúde da população. MÉTODOS O ISAD-PI foi um estudo de base populacional, transversal, que analisou as condições de vida e situação de saúde da população residente nas áreas urbanas dos municípios de Teresina e Picos, no Piauí. A amostragem foi realizada por conglomerados, em dois estágios: Unidades Primárias de Amostragem e domicílios. Para o cálculo do tamanho da amostra, considerou-se a estratificação da população de ambas as cidades, de acordo com a idade dos indivíduos, para ambos os sexos. Para avaliação da conformidade do plano amostral, foi avaliada a taxa de "não-resposta" (TNR) e, além disso, as estimativas de proporções segundo sexo e idade, bem como as prevalências de determinantes sociais de saúde, que foram analisadas em relação à precisão por meio do coeficiente de variação da proporção do erro padrão (Cv-pˆ) e do efeito do delineamento (deff). Foram considerados adequados Cv-pˆ menores que 20%, e deff menores que 1,5. A TNR-Total dos domicílios foi de 38,2% em Teresina e de 38,3% em Picos. Foram realizadas 24 estimativas de proporção em relação à idade e ao sexo e 48 estimativas de prevalência de determinantes sociais e de saúde, totalizando 72 estimativas, das quais 71 apresentaram Cv-pˆ menor que 20% e 61 apresentaram deff menor ou igual a 1,5. CONCLUSÃO Dados gerados a partir do ISAD-PI poderão contribuir para a avaliação das condições de saúde e morbidade na população. Ademais, aspectos metodológicos empregados nesta pesquisa poderão servir de base para estudos realizados em outras cidades do Brasil.

Sampling plan and methodological aspects: a household healthcare survey in Piauí / Plano de amostragem e aspectos metodológicos: inquérito de saúde domiciliar no Piauí

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To describe the methodological aspects of the Piauí home healthcare survey (ISAD-PI) and assess the relation between sampling plan, precision, and design effects, assuming that population health surveys are relevant instruments for health monitoring. METHODS ISAD-PI was a population-based cross-sectional study that analyzed the living conditions and health status of the population residing in urban areas in the municipalities of Teresina and Picos, in Piauí. Sampling was carried out by conglomerates in two stages: Primary Sampling Units and households. To calculate the sample size, we considered the stratification of the population in both cities, according to the age of the individuals. We evaluated the "non-response" rate (NRR) and estimated the proportions according to sex and age, as well as the prevalence of social determinants of health in order to assess the compliance of the sampling plan. Analyses related to the precision according to the coefficient of proportion variation of the standard error (Cv-pˆ) and the design effect (deff). Cv-pˆ less than 20% and deff less than 1.5 were considered adequate. The total NRR of households was 38.2% in Teresina and 38.3% in Picos. We carried out twenty-four proportion estimates in relation to age and sex and 48 prevalence of social and health determinants estimates, totaling 72 estimates. Among them, 71 had Cv-pˆ less than 20% and 61 had deff less than or equal to 1.5. CONCLUSION Data generated from the ISAD-PI may contribute to the assessment of health and morbidity conditions in the population. Furthermore, methodological aspects employed in this research may serve as a basis for studies carried out in other cities in Brazil.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Descrever os aspectos metodológicos do Inquérito de Saúde Domiciliar no Piauí (ISAD-PI), bem como avaliar a conformidade do plano amostral em relação à precisão e aos efeitos do desenho, dado que os inquéritos populacionais de saúde constituem instrumentos importantes para o monitoramento da situação de saúde da população. MÉTODOS O ISAD-PI foi um estudo de base populacional, transversal, que analisou as condições de vida e situação de saúde da população residente nas áreas urbanas dos municípios de Teresina e Picos, no Piauí. A amostragem foi realizada por conglomerados, em dois estágios: Unidades Primárias de Amostragem e domicílios. Para o cálculo do tamanho da amostra, considerou-se a estratificação da população de ambas as cidades, de acordo com a idade dos indivíduos, para ambos os sexos. Para avaliação da conformidade do plano amostral, foi avaliada a taxa de "não-resposta" (TNR) e, além disso, as estimativas de proporções segundo sexo e idade, bem como as prevalências de determinantes sociais de saúde, que foram analisadas em relação à precisão por meio do coeficiente de variação da proporção do erro padrão (Cv-pˆ) e do efeito do delineamento (deff). Foram considerados adequados Cv-pˆ menores que 20%, e deff menores que 1,5. A TNR-Total dos domicílios foi de 38,2% em Teresina e de 38,3% em Picos. Foram realizadas 24 estimativas de proporção em relação à idade e ao sexo e 48 estimativas de prevalência de determinantes sociais e de saúde, totalizando 72 estimativas, das quais 71 apresentaram Cv-pˆ menor que 20% e 61 apresentaram deff menor ou igual a 1,5. CONCLUSÃO Dados gerados a partir do ISAD-PI poderão contribuir para a avaliação das condições de saúde e morbidade na população. Ademais, aspectos metodológicos empregados nesta pesquisa poderão servir de base para estudos realizados em outras cidades do Brasil.

Prevalence of arterial hypertension and associated factors: a population-based study.

OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of hypertension in adults and analyze its association with socioeconomic, demographic, and lifestyle risk factors. METHODS Home-based cross-sectional epidemiological study conducted with adults of both sexes living in the cities of Teresina and Picos (PI). The prevalence of hypertension was estimated by self-reported diagnosis. The associations between hypertension and the following variables were tested: age, gender, skin color, education, family income, marital status, alcohol and cigarette consumption, physical activity, and nutritional status. RESULTS A total of 1,057 adult individuals with a mean age of 38.6 ± 11.5 years participated in the study, of which 62.3% were female. The prevalence of hypertension in the population was 16.4%. In the crude analysis, a significant association was observed between the prevalence of hypertension and factors such as older age, lower education, single marital status, brown skin color, smoking, and overweight (p < 0.05). However, after adjustments, only the associations with older age, brown skin color, sedentary lifestyle and overweight remained significant. CONCLUSION Older age, brown skin color, sedentary lifestyle, and the presence of overweight or obesity were significantly associated with hypertension. Among the modifiable risk factors, a sedentary lifestyle and overweight stand out as important for the genesis of hypertension, subject to intervention measures.

Elaboração de paçoquinha com linhaça dourada / Preparation of peanut candy with golden flaxseed

Introdução: A linhaça dourada apresenta importantes quantidades de ácido αlinolênico, fibras solúveis e lignanas, podendo trazer benefícios para a saúde. Objetivo: Desenvolver paçoquinha adicionada de farinha de linhaça dourada (FLD) em diferentes proporções, bem como determinar sua composição centesimal e aceitação sensorial. Materiais e métodos: Foram elaboradas paçoquinhas com adição de 10%, 15% e 20% de FLD. A composição centesimal foi determinada e, após, foram aplicados testes de aceitação (escala hedônica). Os dados foram analisados através de teste de Kruskal Wallis e ANOVA, adotando-se nível de significância de 5%. Resultado: As paçoquinhas padrão e adicionadas de FLD não apresentaram diferença no teor de umidade (17,1 a 18,5%) e lipídeos (30,8 a 34,2%). Quanto ao teor de cinzas, apenas as formulações com 15 e 20% de FLD tiveram maior percentual, 1,94% e 2,03%, respectivamente. O teor de proteínas foi significativamente menor nas formulações com adição de linhaça (15,4 a 18,5%) e a quantidade de fibras alimentares aumentou nas formulações com FLD. Em relação à análise sensorial, as paçoquinhas adicionadas de FLD obtiveram boa aceitabilidade, não sendo observadas diferenças significativas com relação aos atributos avaliados em comparação com a paçoquinha padrão. Conclusão: Os dados obtidos permitiram verificar que é possível a substituição parcial do amendoim em paçoquinhas por farinha de linhaça dourada, pois os novos produtos apresentaram características sensoriais que agradaram aos consumidores em todos os atributos avaliados, além de apresentarem valor nutricional superior no que se refere ao incremento de fibras e teor de minerais. (AU)

Introduction: Golden flaxseed has important amounts of α-linolenic acid, soluble fibers and lignans, which can bring benefits to health. Objective: To prepare peanut candy added with golden flaxseed flour (GFF) in different proportions and determine its proximate composition and sensory acceptance. Materials and methods: Peanut candies were prepared with the addition of 10%, 15% and 20% of GFF. The proximate composition was determined and then acceptance tests (hedonic scale) were applied. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis test and ANOVA, adopting a significance level of 5%. Result: Regular peanut candy and a preparation added with GFF showed no difference in moisture (17.1 to 18.5%) and lipid (30.8 to 34.2%) content. As for ash content, only formulations with 15 and 20% of GFF had the highest percentage, 1.94% and 2.03%, respectively. The protein content was significantly lower (15.4 to 18.5%) and the amount of dietary fiber increased in formulations with GFF. In relation to sensory analysis, the candies added with GFF obtained good acceptability, with no significant differences regarding the attributes evaluated in comparison with the regular peanut candy. Conclusion: The data obtained allowed us to see that it is possible to partially replace peanuts with golden flaxseed flour in the preparation of candies, as the new products presented sensory characteristics that pleased consumers in all the evaluated attributes, in addition to superior nutritional value with regard to increased fiber and mineral content. (AU)

Prevalence of arterial hypertension and associated factors: a population-based study

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of hypertension in adults and analyze its association with socioeconomic, demographic, and lifestyle risk factors. METHODS Home-based cross-sectional epidemiological study conducted with adults of both sexes living in the cities of Teresina and Picos (PI). The prevalence of hypertension was estimated by self-reported diagnosis. The associations between hypertension and the following variables were tested: age, gender, skin color, education, family income, marital status, alcohol and cigarette consumption, physical activity, and nutritional status. RESULTS A total of 1,057 adult individuals with a mean age of 38.6 ± 11.5 years participated in the study, of which 62.3% were female. The prevalence of hypertension in the population was 16.4%. In the crude analysis, a significant association was observed between the prevalence of hypertension and factors such as older age, lower education, single marital status, brown skin color, smoking, and overweight (p < 0.05). However, after adjustments, only the associations with older age, brown skin color, sedentary lifestyle and overweight remained significant. CONCLUSION Older age, brown skin color, sedentary lifestyle, and the presence of overweight or obesity were significantly associated with hypertension. Among the modifiable risk factors, a sedentary lifestyle and overweight stand out as important for the genesis of hypertension, subject to intervention measures.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Estimar a prevalência de hipertensão arterial em adultos e analisar sua associação com fatores de risco socioeconômicos, demográficos e de estilo de vida. MÉTODOS Estudo epidemiológico transversal, de base domiciliar, realizado com adultos de ambos os sexos residentes nas cidades de Teresina e Picos (PI). A prevalência de hipertensão arterial foi estimada por meio de diagnóstico autorreferido. Foram testadas as associações entre a hipertensão arterial e as variáveis: idade, sexo, cor da pele, escolaridade, renda familiar, situação conjugal, consumo de álcool e cigarro, prática de atividade física e estado nutricional. RESULTADOS Participaram do estudo 1.057 indivíduos adultos com média de idade de 38,6 ± 11,5 anos, sendo 62,3% do sexo feminino. A prevalência de hipertensão arterial na população foi de 16,4%. Na análise bruta, observou-se associação significativa entre a prevalência de hipertensão e fatores como maior idade, menor escolaridade, estado civil solteiro, cor da pele parda, tabagismo e excesso de peso (p<0,05). Entretanto, após ajustes, apenas as associações com a maior idade, cor da pele parda, estilo de vida sedentário e excesso de peso mantiveram-se significativas. CONCLUSÃO A idade mais avançada, cor da pele parda, sedentarismo e a presença de sobrepeso ou obesidade apresentaram-se significativamente associados à hipertensão. Dentre os fatores de risco modificáveis, destaca-se o sedentarismo e o excesso de peso como importantes para a gênese de hipertensão e passíveis de medidas de intervenção.